While Malaysia boasts a tropical climate abundant in water resources, with an average annual rainfall of 3000mm contributing to an estimated 900 billion cubic meters of water annually, the country faces unexpected water scarcity issues. Despite having a wealth of surface water sources, primarily from its 189 river basins (89 in Peninsular, 78 in Sabah, and 22 in Sarawak), Malaysia grapples with recurring water supply disruptions in various regions, transitioning from a state of water abundance to scarcity.
Over the past decade, significant water cuts have been witnessed, particularly in Selangor, which has endured two decades of persistent water crises and disruptions. Similar challenges were observed in other regions, including Kuala Lumpur and Penang, with Penang slated for a scheduled four-day state-wide water disruption in January 2024. Even when water supply is available, certain areas have reported murky “undrinkable” tap water issues. These raise the question: Why is a country abundant in water resources facing such persistent scarcity issues?
What Went Wrong in Malaysia’s Water Landscape?
One of the pivotal contributors to Malaysia’s water scarcity issues lies in the ineffective management of water resources and dams. The current management system lacks efficient water allocation, storage, and distribution. This is further exacerbated by the deficiencies within its water infrastructure. The aged water systems, plagued by wear and tear over time, present a significant challenge. Leaks within the infrastructure and distribution networks are prevalent, resulting in substantial water losses and further complicating supply management efforts.
Meanwhile, the rapid industrialisation in Malaysia has brought about significant environmental repercussions. The discharge of pollutants from industries contributes significantly to widespread water contamination. This contamination intensifies the country’s water scarcity problems, compromising water quality and availability.
Adding to these challenges is the lack of public awareness, leading to instances where the public “conveniently” litters into riverbanks. This irresponsible disposal of waste by the public directly impacts water quality and ecosystems, compounding the nation’s water scarcity woes.
Water Disruptions is Not as Insignificant as We Think
Water disruptions have a far-reaching impact that extends beyond mere inconvenience. Not just disrupting our daily life routines like washing, drinking, and showering, water disruptions can have long-term and multifaceted effects on us. These disruptions lead to poor sanitation, creating a breeding ground for waterborne diseases, consequently escalating public health concerns. Additionally, water scarcity directly affects farmers, reducing agricultural productivity and thereby contributing to higher food prices and an elevated cost of living for communities.
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El Niño, an oceanic and atmospheric phenomenon that marks unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean, is predicted to peak in Malaysia during early 2024. This event is anticipated to bring higher temperatures and reduced rainfall. This hot and dry weather poses a significant threat to food producers, particularly in sectors like rice production. In Malaysia’s primary palm oil-producing state, Sabah, the impact is already evident. Estates are facing water stress due to the initial signs of El Niño, resulting in reduced yields and compounding challenges from under-fertilisation and labour shortages observed over the past three years.
We Can All Play a Part
Given these considerations, it’s crucial to prioritise enhancing public awareness regarding river pollution. Additionally, we strongly advocate for government intervention to reevaluate the existing infrastructure, ensuring water efficiency and sustainability within our water supply system. Concurrently, proactive measures should be encouraged among the public to prepare for potential water disruptions, such as storing reserves at home and adopting water-conserving practices.
Safeguarding sustainable access to clean water is not solely the responsibility of the authorities; it’s a shared obligation. As citizens, we can contribute by adopting simple practices, such as refraining from littering, to preserve Mother Nature. Likewise, industrial partners must demonstrate environmental mindfulness, incorporating practices like scheduled waste management and responsible water treatment. Let’s unite in safeguarding our abundant water resources, cherishing this invaluable natural treasure for our present and future generations.
